Conor N. Gruber, Jorg J.A. Calis, Sofija Buta, Gilad Evrony, Jerome C. Martin, Skyler A. Uhl, Rachel Caron, Lauren Jarchin, David Dunkin, Robert Phelps, Bryn D. Webb, Jeffrey M. Saland, Miriam Merad, Jordan S. Orange, Emily M. Mace, Brad R. Rosenberg, Bruce D. Gelb, and Dusan Bogunovic
Immunity 03/08/2020
PMID: 32750333
Abstract: Autoinflammatory disease can result from monogenic errors of immunity. We describe a patient with early-onset multi-organ immune dysregulation resulting from a mosaic, gain-of-function mutation (S703I) in JAK1, encoding a kinase essential for signaling downstream of >25 cytokines. By custom single-cell RNA sequencing, we examine mosaicism with single-cell resolution. We find that JAK1 transcription was predominantly restricted to a single allele across different cells, introducing the concept of a mutational “transcriptotype” that differs from the genotype. Functionally, the mutation increases JAK1 activity and transactivates partnering JAKs, independent of its catalytic domain. S703I JAK1 is not only hypermorphic for cytokine signaling but also neomorphic, as it enables signaling cascades not canonically mediated by JAK1. Given these results, the patient was treated with tofacitinib, a JAK inhibitor, leading to the rapid resolution of clinical disease. These findings offer a platform for personalized medicine with the concurrent discovery of fundamental biological principles.